ABSTRACT
The role of leptin in the control of obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes has been reported, however, the regulatory mechanism of leptin in animals affected by hormones is not clearly understood. In this study, the effects of insulin, epinephrine, growth hormone or dexamethasone on the expression of leptin was examined in mouse primary adipocytes. The leptin expression was also studied in the adipose tissue of the mouse treated with insulin or growth hormone (0.3 or 0.6 units/animal). Insulin (100 nM) or dexamethasone (100 nM) stimulated leptin mRNA transcription while epinephrine (100 nM) alleviated its transcription in mouse primary adipocytes. The level of leptin protein in cultured media of adipocytes treated with insulin or dexamethasone was higher than that of the control group but growth hormone or epinephrine treatment had no effect on them. Insulin administration (0.6 units/mouse) enhanced leptin mRNA as well as leptin protein in mouse adipose tissue but growth hormone administration (0.3 or 0.6 units/mouse) had no effect on them. Leptin protein level in sera of mice injected with insulin or growth hormone was not significantly different from that of control group. These results indicate that both insulin and dexamethasone stimulate leptin gene expression and secretion of its product, whereas, growth hormone has no effect on the expression of leptin gene in mouse adipocytes.
Subject(s)
Male , Mice , Adipocytes/metabolism , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media/analysis , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epinephrine/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Growth Hormone/blood , Hypoglycemic Agents/blood , Insulin/blood , Leptin/blood , Mice, Inbred ICR , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Transcription, Genetic/drug effectsABSTRACT
The role of leptin in the control of obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes has been reported, however, the regulatory mechanism of leptin in animals affected by hormones is not clearly understood. In this study, the effects of insulin, epinephrine, growth hormone or dexamethasone on the expression of leptin was examined in mouse primary adipocytes. The leptin expression was also studied in the adipose tissue of the mouse treated with insulin or growth hormone (0.3 or 0.6 units/animal). Insulin (100 nM) or dexamethasone (100 nM) stimulated leptin mRNA transcription while epinephrine (100 nM) alleviated its transcription in mouse primary adipocytes. The level of leptin protein in cultured media of adipocytes treated with insulin or dexamethasone was higher than that of the control group but growth hormone or epinephrine treatment had no effect on them. Insulin administration (0.6 units/mouse) enhanced leptin mRNA as well as leptin protein in mouse adipose tissue but growth hormone administration (0.3 or 0.6 units/mouse) had no effect on them. Leptin protein level in sera of mice injected with insulin or growth hormone was not significantly different from that of control group. These results indicate that both insulin and dexamethasone stimulate leptin gene expression and secretion of its product, whereas, growth hormone has no effect on the expression of leptin gene in mouse adipocytes.
Subject(s)
Male , Mice , Adipocytes/metabolism , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media/analysis , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epinephrine/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Growth Hormone/blood , Hypoglycemic Agents/blood , Insulin/blood , Leptin/blood , Mice, Inbred ICR , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Transcription, Genetic/drug effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We conducted this study to determine the efficacy of conventional treatments for patients with Hodgkin's disease and identify the patients who have poor prognosis and need high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Jun. 1989 and Dec. 1997, 50 patients were enrolled and 39 patients were evaluable. Patients were treated with radiotherapy (5 patients) or combination chemotherapy (21 patients) or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (13 patients) according to their disease stage. Chemotherapy regimens were C-MOPP (cyclo- phosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), MOPP (mechlorethamine, vin- cristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), alternating C-MOPP/ABVD, and MOPP/ABV hybrid. Radiation therapy was performed when there was residual tumor after chemotherapy or bulky disease. The response to treatments was analyzed by clinical stage I-II and stage III-IV patients group, respectively. RESULTS: The complete response rate was 76.9% for total patients, 83.3% for stage I-II patients, and 71.4% for stage III-IV patients. Of the 30 patients achieving complete response, four (13.3%) relapsed at 6, 12, 22, and 28 months after complete response, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 24 months. Nine patients died. Four patients died of Hodgkins disease. Three-year overall survival rate was 72.9% for total patients, 72.5% for stage I-II patients, and 70% for stage III-IV patients. Two-year disease- free survival rate was 77.6% for total patients, 79% for stage I-II stage patients, and 73.9% for stage III-IV patients. The prognostic factor analysis showed that performance status affected the disease-free survival rate. CONCLUSION: Conventional treatments in patients with Hodgkins disease showed results comparable to previous studies. But we were unable to identify the patients, who need high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, because of small number of study patients and short follow up duration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bleomycin , Dimethoate , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follow-Up Studies , Hodgkin Disease , Neoplasm, Residual , Procarbazine , Prognosis , Radiotherapy , Stem Cell Transplantation , Survival Rate , Vinblastine , VincristineABSTRACT
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) can be associated with some autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erytheuatosus, Sj gren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although hypokalemia in Sj gren's syndrome is a frequent complication, severe symptomatic hypokalemia has been reported only in few cases. Recently we experienced a case of Sj gren's syndrome diagnosed after the discovery of distal renal tubular acidosis with severe hypokalemia manifestating periodic weakness, myalgia in lower extremities, nausea, vomiting, and flaccid paralysis. She complained continuous sensation of dryness of her eyes and mouth. After the Schirmer's test, salivary scan, serologic tests, and lip biopsy, Sj gren's syndrome was confirmed. Intravenous and oral potassium replacement was started immediately, oral sodium bicarbonate later. Marked improvement in periodic paralysis was noted within a few hours and she was fully regained her muscle strength within 48 hours. She discharged with oral sodium bicarbonate and artificial tears. With this treatment blood pH and potassium were kept in the normal range during follow up visits.
Subject(s)
Acidosis, Renal Tubular , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Autoimmune Diseases , Biopsy , Follow-Up Studies , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hypokalemia , Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis , Lip , Lower Extremity , Mouth , Muscle Strength , Myalgia , Nausea , Ophthalmic Solutions , Paralysis , Potassium , Reference Values , Sensation , Serologic Tests , Sodium Bicarbonate , VomitingABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
No abstract available.